Programming Languages Ranking: What to Learn in 2025

IT is not magic or a gift from the gods, but a skill that can be mastered. Yes, the entry threshold may seem high, especially if you are not familiar with terms, cannot distinguish backend from frontend, and have never written a line of code. But if you want to understand how to learn programming from scratch, consider that you have already started. All that’s left is to choose the right path, not be afraid of mistakes, and not give up after the first confusing cycle.

How to Learn Programming from Scratch: Real Steps to Get Started

If we set aside myths, learning to code is primarily a systematic approach. It is important to understand that the goal is not just to memorize syntax but to learn how to solve tasks. Starting with small tasks and then moving on to commercial ones. This is how a programmer’s career is built.

The main thing is not to try to cover everything at once. There is no need to learn five languages simultaneously and spread yourself thin across dozens of directions. Choose one vector: web development, mobile applications, games, or automation. Decide on which platform you want to work and progress step by step along that path.

Modern technologies are more accessible than ever. Anyone can understand how to start programming from scratch; the main thing is not to succumb to fear of terminology and technical details.

Which are the Best Programming Languages for Beginners?

Choosing the right language is like finding comfortable shoes: it determines how far you will go. Programming languages for beginners should be understandable, with plenty of documentation and a friendly community. The following are best suited for beginners:

• Python — ideal for understanding code logic, automation, web, and analytics;
• JavaScript — if you want to quickly create interfaces and develop web applications;
• Java — an excellent choice for mobile development on Android and corporate solutions;
• C# — good for desktop applications and Unity games;
• Go and Rust — suitable for those who aim for production and speed from day one.

If you are unsure where to start on the developer’s path, choose Python. It is the most friendly, logical, and versatile. That’s why almost all beginner programming courses recommend it.

How to Become a Programmer from Scratch: From Pet Projects to Junior Positions

Most professionals started with tasks on Udemy, Openedu, or even YouTube. Then they moved on to pet projects: calculators, to-do lists, Telegram bots, mini-sites. It was these actions that turned a beginner into a potential junior developer without experience.

To go from “knowing syntax” to “being able to work in a team,” you need to improve your hard skills — algorithms, structures, understanding OOP principles, REST API, and working with databases. Simultaneously, develop soft skills: the ability to accept criticism, explain solutions, work on tasks.

When you feel confident, go for an internship or look for your first job. Don’t forget to create a resume, build a portfolio with projects, take a couple of tests. This will increase your chances of passing the interview and getting an offer.

This path is a clear example of how to learn programming from scratch: starting with simple exercises, then moving on to your own ideas that help turn knowledge into practice and build a portfolio, even without commercial experience.

Types of Programmers and Career Development Paths

The IT world offers many paths for development — from visual interfaces to complex server logic and process automation. But before choosing a direction, it is important to understand the specializations to know what suits your interests, thinking style, and long-term goals. When you know where to go, the question of how to learn programming from scratch becomes less daunting — a structure and reference points appear before your eyes.

Main types of programmers:

• frontend — responsible for the appearance and user interaction;
• backend — works with logic, databases, and APIs;
• fullstack — combines both directions;
• mobile — develops applications for Android and iOS;
• DevOps — automates development and deployment processes;
• QA Automation — writes tests to ensure development stability after each change.

Each of these directions accommodates both beginners and specialized professionals. A programmer’s career is not limited to code — you can move into product management, architecture, teaching, consulting.

Mistakes to Avoid

Among the most common mistakes of beginners is the tendency to focus on theory without real practice. Such learning quickly loses its meaning if not supported by coding.

Another common issue is the fear of not understanding: beginners may feel like they are “not getting it,” but at the start, no one understands everything — it’s a natural stage. Another mistake is constant switching between languages and courses, leading to a loss of focus and failure to develop a stable skill.

Many also postpone creating their own projects, thinking they need to “learn more first.” However, practice is what helps turn knowledge into confidence. The common myth that a good mathematical foundation and a specialized education are necessary to learn coding also hinders progress. In reality, motivation, interest, and readiness for regular learning are much more important.

Growth in development is not ensured by formal conditions but by consistency, regular practice, and the ability to learn from your own mistakes. This is a practical answer to the question of how to learn programming from scratch: not waiting for perfect conditions but gradually building skills through action, meaningful feedback, and personal mini-projects.

Perspectives Offered by Programming

If you are considering how to enter IT from scratch, know this: it is real, and the demand for developers continues to grow. Salaries are increasing, formats are flexible, remote work is common. Web and mobile directions, AI, and automation are particularly relevant. More and more companies are looking for junior developers with an understanding of the process and real cases.

The prospects of programming in 2025 are not just about work but about flexibility, growth, freedom, and a global market. You can work in the USA, live in Europe, study in Asia, and develop in any niche: from freelancing to startups and large corporations.

How to Learn Programming from Scratch and Build a Career: Conclusions

So, how to learn programming from scratch? It is important to set a goal, choose a suitable direction, start with basic tasks, not be afraid of mistakes, and regularly draw conclusions. Mastering development is a process that includes hundreds of lines of code, hours of practice, and initial projects that can form the basis of a professional portfolio in the future.

Creating software is not just about working with technologies but also about developing logical thinking, solving real problems, and participating in the transformation of the digital world. Even without initial knowledge, with motivation and a willingness to learn, it is possible to reach a level within a year that allows you to aim for a top position in the IT field!

The development of mobile technologies has fundamentally changed the approach to conducting business. Applications have become crucial points of contact with customers, creating convenient and fast channels of interaction. What a mobile developer does is a key question for companies looking to strengthen their position in the digital market. Specialists develop, test, and maintain applications, ensuring their stable operation on different platforms and devices.

Statistics show that 70% of internet traffic today is generated through mobile devices. The app market grows annually by 15-20%, and the number of job openings in the mobile developer segment increases proportionally. The demand for this profession is confirmed by high salaries: a junior developer earns from 80,000 rubles, while a senior developer earns over 300,000 rubles.

Main functionality: what a mobile developer does

The profession covers a wide range of tasks that require technical and analytical skills. What a mobile developer does in practice is determined by the project stage and the specialist’s level.

The work of a mobile developer consists of several blocks:

1. Designing the application architecture.

2. Developing interfaces and interactions.

3. Programming functionality (considering the platform: Android or iOS).

4. Integration with external services and APIs.

5. Testing and bug fixing.

6. Optimizing speed and performance.

7. Updating the application and implementing new features.

8. Working with data security and encryption.

For example, Android development includes setting up notifications, working with geolocation, and integrating payment systems, requiring knowledge of Kotlin and Java. iOS solutions use Swift and Objective-C, and testing is done on emulators and real devices.

Programming languages and mobile development technologies

Application development is based on a specific technological stack. What a mobile developer does is directly related to mastering current programming languages and frameworks.

Developers use:

1. Kotlin and Java for Android.

2. Swift and Objective-C for iOS.

3. Dart (Flutter) for cross-platform development.

4. React Native (JavaScript) for cross-platform solutions.

5. C# (Xamarin) for integration with the Microsoft ecosystem.

For instance, a project with a budget of 5 million rubles is launched using Flutter for simultaneous support on Android and iOS, reducing development time by 30% and cutting costs by 25%.

Education and entering the profession

Starting a career requires a systematic approach. What a mobile developer does, a novice learns through practice and education in mobile development, including courses and mentorship programs. Educational programs offer learning programming languages, design patterns, and mobile UI/UX standards.

Courses lasting 6-12 months prepare junior specialists with a basic portfolio of their own applications. For example, a course graduate creates a chatbot with file exchange functionality, demonstrating skills in network requests and data storage.

Career levels and salary growth

The career ladder is structured into standard levels: junior, middle, and senior. What a mobile developer does at each stage varies in terms of responsibility and task complexity.

Career path specifics:

1. Junior – performs simple tasks, assists in testing, and bug fixing.

2. Middle – takes responsibility for application modules, optimizes code, and participates in design.

3. Senior – develops architecture, implements complex features, leads a team, and mentors newcomers.

A mobile developer’s salary increases from 80,000 rubles at the start to 350,000 rubles in a senior position. Transition between levels usually takes 1.5 to 3 years with active practice and learning.

Profession perspectives and market trends

The mobile app market is evolving rapidly. What a mobile developer does in 5 years will include IoT integration, AI utilization, and working with AR/VR. Perspectives are linked to increased data security requirements and application performance acceleration.

For example, a fintech company launches software with biometric authentication and AI chat support for users, increasing customer retention by 40%.

What a mobile developer does online: remote work and flexible employment formats

The modern market trend favors remote projects. What a mobile developer does in remote work conditions is similar to office tasks but involves full online process management. Specialists participate in daily stand-ups via Zoom, document in Confluence, and use Trello or Jira for task tracking.

For instance, a team of five developers working fully remotely creates an online course application in three months using Agile methodology and two-week sprints. Remote IT work opens up collaboration opportunities with international companies. A middle developer with English proficiency and over two years of experience easily joins overseas startups with a payment starting from $3000 per month.

Career development in IT: steps to success

Building a successful career requires a clear strategy. What a mobile developer does for advancement goes beyond coding and includes self-improvement, community involvement, and continuous testing of new technologies.

Key development vectors:

1. Participation in hackathons and mobile development competitions.

2. Maintaining a technical blog and publishing case studies.

3. Obtaining specialized certifications (Google Associate Android Developer, Apple Certified iOS Developer).

4. Developing pet projects for portfolios.

5. Mentoring aspiring developers.

6. Exploring related fields (backend, DevOps, UX/UI).

7. Active participation in professional events and online communities.

   

For example, a mobile developer who regularly posts analyses of complex tasks on GitHub receives an invitation to an international product team with a salary 20% above the market rate within a year.

The significance of the profession in modern IT

What a mobile developer does: shapes the user experience of millions, ensures service accessibility, and influences companies’ competitiveness. The demand for the profession and high salaries confirm the career’s prospects. Mastering new technologies, flexibility, and continuous learning guarantee stable growth and professional development in the IT field.